Environmental Benefits
Alternative energy technologies have significant environmental benefits. Solar and wind technologies are emissions-free at the point of use; emissions from biomass are lower than comparable conventional fuels; and energy efficiency, by definition, reduces energy consumption, which results in fewer emissions. Consequently, these technologies can contribute to least-cost strategies to meet emissions reduction standards and comply with air quality regulations.
If future environmental regulations include carbon dioxide, renewable and energy efficiency technologies can provide a cushion for states and utilities. This could serve as a hedge against possible litigation, as conventional energy production and consumption contribute significantly to carbon dioxide emissions.
Renewable energy technologies also have minimal impact on water resources. They do not discharge pollutants into surface water, and toxins do not seep into groundwater. Cooling water is not required for solar and wind technologies — an important consideration in arid or semiarid states, or where riparian rights are contested.
Environmental impacts may translate into health considerations. Organizations such as the American Lung Association study the effects of environmental conditions on human health and the resulting health care costs.