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Another concept for future power grids is to set up neighborhoods that run entirely on direct current (DC). A high-voltage DC line would interface with the rest of the grid through high-tech DC-to-AC converters. DC systems are less vulnerable to power quality issues, and digital devices run on DC current. DC systems also allow distributed generation equipment to be connected directly with the microgrid without using DC-to-AC converters at the power source. According to the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the converter technology needed to interface these DC microgrids with the AC power grid should become cost-effective by 2005.
One future possibility is to use a loop of high-temperature superconducting wire to carry the DC current. This power loop would isolate customers from electrical system disturbances and provide superior power quality.
For further information about electric grid technologies of the future, see EPRI's Electricity Technology Roadmap, particularly Chapter 2, "The Power System Challenge."
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