This document assesses the economic impacts of trial energy-efficiency standards for electric, gas-, and oil-fired residential water heaters according to the criteria in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. The assessment includes analysis of: the water heater market; retail prices; efficiency; and costs and benefits of efficiency standards to consumers (including subgroups of consumers who might be particularly affected), manufacturers, utilities, and the nation as a whole, including the effects on employment.
The Water Heater Price Database is widely used throughout most of the water heater analysis. Download the Water Heater Price Database (MS Access 624 KB).
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Table of Contents |
(PDF 208 KB) |
| Chapter 1. |
Introduction |
(PDF 57 KB) |
| Chapter 2. |
Analytic Framework |
(PDF 347 KB) |
| Chapter 3. |
Market and Technology Assessment |
(PDF 278 KB) |
| Chapter 4. |
Screening Analysis |
(PDF 174 KB) |
| Chapter 5. |
Retail Prices |
(PDF 185 KB) |
| Chapter 6. |
Manufacturing Cost Assessment |
(PDF 137 KB) |
| Chapter 7. |
Markup |
(PDF 141 KB) |
| Chapter 8. |
Engineering Analysis |
(PDF 522 KB) |
| Chapter 9. |
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis |
(PDF 1.4 MB) |
| Chapter 10. |
Consumer Sub-Group Analysis |
(PDF 1.9 MB) |
| Chapter 11. |
Shipments |
(PDF 470 KB) |
| Chapter 12. |
National Energy Impacts |
(PDF 266 KB) |
| Chapter 13. |
Manufacturer Impact Analysis |
(PDF 246 KB) |
| Chapter 14. |
Utility Impacts Analysis |
(PDF 184 KB) |
| Chapter 15. |
Net National Employment |
(PDF 165 KB) |
| Appendices |
| Appendix A-1. |
Contributors to the TSD |
(PDF 59 KB) |
| Appendix A-2. |
Acronyms and Abbreviations |
(PDF 14 KB) |
| Appendix B. |
Water Heater Price Database |
(PDF 191 KB) |
| Appendix C-1. |
Data Request Forms - Manufacturing Costs and Energy Characteristics for Electric and Gas-Fired Storage Water Heaters |
(PDF 95 KB) |
| Appendix C-2. |
Manufacturer Cost Data for Residential Electric and Gas-Fired Water Heaters |
(PDF 89 KB) |
| Appendix C-3. |
Estimates of Manufacturing Costs and Energy Characteristics for Electric and Gas-Fired Storage Water Heaters: Data from Max Minnier and Other Sources |
(PDF 128 KB) |
| Appendix D-1. |
WATSIM-DOE Test.xls |
(PDF 607 KB) |
| Appendix D-2. |
Water Heater Analysis Model (WHAM) |
(PDF 188 KB) |
| Appendix D-3. |
Venting Issues in Gas-Fired Water Heaters |
(PDF 42 KB) |
| Appendix D-4. |
Oil-Fired Water Heaters Conductive Heat Loss Calculations |
(PDF 103 KB) |
| Appendix D-5. |
Design Option Combinations |
(PDF 66 KB) |
| Appendix D-6. |
Method for Determining the Input Energy Consumption of Side Arm Gas Storage Water Heater Designs |
(PDF 77 KB) |
| Appendix E-1. |
Uncertainty and Variability |
(PDF 79 KB) |
| Appendix E-2. |
Uncertainty of Energy Parameters EF, RE, UA, and Pon |
(PDF 95 KB) |
| Appendix E-3. |
Manufacturing Cost Distributions |
(PDF 144 KB) |
| Appendix E-4. |
LCC and Payback from Alternative Energy Price Scenarios |
(PDF 152 KB) |
| Appendix F. |
Shipments Spreadsheet |
(PDF 86 KB) |
| Appendix G. |
National Energy Savings Spreadsheet |
(PDF 86 KB) |
| Appendix H-1. |
Water Heater Manufacturers Interview Guide |
(PDF 73 KB) |
| Appendix H-2. |
GRIM Operation Principles |
(PDF 99 KB) |
| Appendix I. |
Interpolation of Utility and Environmental Results from NEMS-BRS Output |
(PDF 114 KB) |
| Appendix J. |
Imbuild Model |
(PDF 82 KB) |
| Appendix K-1. |
Environmental Analysis for Residential Water Heaters |
(PDF 126 KB) |
| Appendix K-2. |
Emission Factors for Fuel Combustion from Natural Gas, LPG, and Oil-Fired Residential Water Heaters |
(PDF 105 KB) |
| Appendix K-3. |
Upstream Emission Factors from Coal and Natural Gas Production |
(PDF 99 KB) |
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Regulatory Impact Analysis |
(PDF 115 KB) |
